Colitis
Definition
Colitis is an inflammation of the large intestine (colon).
Causes
Colitis is an inflammation of the large intestine that can be caused by many different disease processes. These processes include acute and chronic infections, inflammatory disorders (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's colitis, lymphocytic and collagenous colitis), lack of blood flow (ischemic colitis), and history of radiation to the large bowel.
For more information about a specific type of colitis see:
Symptoms
Exams and Tests
Colitis may be identified by flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy -- in both of these tests, a flexible tube is inserted in the rectum, and specific areas of the colon are evaluated. Biopsies taken during these tests may show changes related to inflammation.
Other studies that can identify colitis include:
Treatment
Treatment is directed at the underlying cause of disease, whether it be infection, inflammation, lack of blood flow, or another cause.
See particular conditions listed above for specific recommendations.
Outlook (Prognosis)
The prognosis varies with each disease. See particular conditions listed above.
Possible Complications
Colitis may result in bleeding, ulceration, perforation (a hole in the colon), or toxic megacolon.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if you have symptoms like abdominal pain, abdominal distention, or blood in the stool.
Prevention
Prevention depends upon the underlying cause of colitis. See the specific condition.
Review Date:
5/4/2006
Reviewed By:
Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Frankford-Torresdale Hospital, Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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