Gastroparesis
Definition
Gastroparesis is a condition in which the stomach's ability to empty its contents is impaired, unrelated to obstruction.
Alternative Names
Gastroparesis diabeticorum; Delayed gastric emptying
Causes
The cause of gastroparesis is unknown, but disruption of nerve stimulation to the intestine may be responsible. The condition is a common complication of diabetes and can be a complication of some surgeries.
Risk factors for gastroparesis include diabetes, systemic sclerosis, previous gastrectomy, and use of anticholinergic medication (medication that inhibits certain nerve signals).
Symptoms
Exams and Tests
Treatment
Persons with diabetes should always control their blood sugar levels. Better control of blood sugar levels may improve symptoms of gastroparesis. Eating small meals and soft (well-cooked) foods may also help relieve some symptoms.
Medications include:
- Metoclopramide, a medicine that helps in emptying the stomach
- Serotonergic drugs, which act on serotonin receptors
- Cholinergic drugs, which act on acetylcholin nerve receptors
Other treatments may include:
- Botulinum toxin (Botox) injected into the pylorus (outlet of the stomach)
- Gastroenterostomy, a surgical procedure that creates an opening between the stomach and small intestine to allow food to move through the digestive tract more easily
Outlook (Prognosis)
Many treatments seem to provide only temporary benefit.
Possible Complications
Persistent nausea and vomiting may cause electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and malnutrition. Diabetics may have serious complications related to poor blood sugar control.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Apply home treatment such as dietary management. Call your provider if symptoms persist or if there are new symptoms.
Review Date:
5/4/2006
Reviewed By:
Jenifer K. Lehrer, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Frankford-Torresdale Hospital, Jefferson Health System, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.
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